![]() ![]() People with PTSD experience various symptoms, including personality changes, depression, social disconnection, poor sleep hygiene, flashbacks, and nightmares. It has been well-recognized that PTSD significantly impacts social functioning, physical well-being, and occupational ability (Watkins et al., 2018).īessel revisits his clinical experience and reconfirms the impact of PTSD on his patients. This biochemical reaction is termed as the “fight-or-flight” mechanism, which temporarily protects people against danger (Kozlowska et al., 2015). Fear and stress are triggered predominantly in response to a dangerous event followed by a series of bodily changes, including increased blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing due to the release of adrenaline. ![]() These patients persistently experience overwhelming stress responses beyond the traumatic period. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined as a psychiatric disorder in an individual who has experienced or witnessed a devastatingly traumatic event (Bufka et al., 2020). ![]()
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